Time for digital inclusion at scale

Idea - FE Colleges: Stroud/Worcester/Solihull- BLC? Survey: Do you make any form of digital content and how often Have you ever heard of the WCAG guidelines for web accessibility  Without searching google what do you understand by the term digital accessibility  Subject area studying - to sift out computing students  Whose responsibility is it to make digital content accessible so it works for users on assistive technology and screen readers Do you know, or have you ever been taught how to make content that works for people on assistive technology or screen readers Create bite-sized information for GAAD - May 2024 Notes: ## We need to get more of our society learning some basic principles, right from school age to inform our next generation, all the way through to those everyday practices of those who generate digital content everyday in their workplace. Imagine the impact of that. At UKAAF we are keen to develop our guidance in everyday content creation to support a bite...

 Crotty (1998) Epistemology bears mightily on the way we go about our research, such as is there objective truth that we need to identify, and can identify, or are there just humanly fashioned ways of seeing things whose processes we need to explore and which we can only come to understand through a similar process of meaning making, and this making of meaning a subjective act essentially independent of the object, or do both subjective and object contribute to the construction of meaning (p.9) Ontology is the study of being. It is concerned with ‘what is’ with the nature of existence, with the structure of reality as such. Introducing it to our framework, it would sit alongside epistemology informing our theoretical perspective, for each theoretical perspective embodies a certain way of understanding what is (ontology) as well as a certain way of understanding what it means to know (epistemology) (p.10). Blaikie (1993,p.6) acknowledges that the root definition of ontology is the s...

Literature review: Introduction  Social model of disability  Inclusive design principles The teaching of digital accessibility Learning objectives  Learning activities  Support for teachers Conclusions for this study -Objectives -Activities -Tools and resources #Theoretical framework  #Methodology #Methods The world has changed ‘digital by default’, digital first’. One in five - impact and scale of needs to be able to provide digitally accessible content. This research is framed by the social model of disability as the driver for introducing digital accessibility awareness education in schools. For the social model of disability to work effectively to prevent barriers in society, all members of society need to be able to contribute. ‘Quotes’ *The social model of disability was first introduced by Mike Oliver (198?) - environments, products and attitudes. *Influenced by UPIAS The social model challenges the previous medical model of disability*. The barriers are ...

 The fully grown WCAG tree and the seedlings to grow digital accessibility. Think of an adult tree with several established branches, think of that being how you map the fully grown WCAG for web developers. Each main branch being POUR and the smaller branches being the WCAG criteria, The roots of WCAG come from a long history of research, testing and understanding of human computer interaction needs. WCAG is the full standard, the fully grown tree, now used in law to define web accessibility used by web developers and designers to make websites accessible.  A important thing to note is that the tree also needs nature to stay alive and grow, sunshine and water also play a vital role. Think of the water and sunlight as your real-life manual user feedback and testing to complete the cycle of WCAG. Just like a tree cannot survive without its water and sunlight, accessibility needs real-life user testing to make sure it’s healthy, it doesn’t just grow because we’ve checked with aut...

Invented by Louis Braille - overview   2 types of braille - books come in different ways (paper) and electronic- braille readers/screen readers. Audio books are great but reading pleasure is immersive  Contracted which are letters - other is words - helps / liken it to a type of shorthand language  Typing an email- keyboard verses Sean’s mobile phone / speed of speech  Perkins EHCPs sent in inaccessible formats that the staff and students can’t read. Kindle verses Orbit Blind/deaf community- ordering in a pub  A way of literacy  We Interface and create the same content, but did you know the difference? Braille can play a vital role in the digital world.

  https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1155864

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=educational+design+research&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1697663669865&u=%23p%3Dyy16WkHq0eIJ   https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=educational+design+research&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1697663593451&u=%23p%3DEbiP7x6cMMkJ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=educational+design+research&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1697663718640&u=%23p%3DBBsFzj90LEEJ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=educational+design+research&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1697663852777&u=%23p%3DBx3tAzpWIDIJ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=educational+design+research&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1697663911157&u=%23p%3D-rojOmFzNEwJ

  The Social Construction of the Disability Problem Michael Oliver   Chapter 180  Accesses 4  Citations Part of the  Critical Texts in Social Work and the Welfare State  book series (CTSWWS) Abstract So far, it has been suggested that the ideological construction of disability has been determined by the core ideology of capitalism, namely individualism; and that peripheral ideologies associated with medicalisation and underpinned by personal tragedy theory have presented a particular view of the disabled individual. But that is only part of the story, for the category disability has also been constructed as a particular kind of social problem. Hence We contend that disability definitions are not rationally determined but socially constructed. Despite the objective reality, what becomes a disability is determined by the social meanings individuals attach to particular physical and mental impairments. Certain disabilities become defined as social problems thr...

  Scotland:  https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1080001.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lan-Pham-3/publication/324486854_A_Review_of_key_paradigms_positivism_interpretivism_and_critical_inquiry/links/5acffa880f7e9b18965cd52f/A-Review-of-key-paradigms-positivism-interpretivism-and-critical-inquiry.pdf https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39296289/70380008-libre.pdf?1445257913=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_Interconnection_Between_Interpretivi.pdf&Expires=1697492721&Signature=Tb9toM71GFXU0GxdrfoWG1MlN7VlWOFJvlBC9NkvhdfR28aDOXX0mn6LdRE3mpFCNeJTZ89E5yJB0kOwE1zutKAmHGAv3Vo7ZdnyA0qvPYmGm6DhyTCRECb2HxuVQANMdgTDtAwpzYC4W~ApWNfG8DkAzfwy61bUMctSFBQeGoYSqjSnWQhk-825pRLBWiqD553sbIRrR8VAWuOJvK9dQ7ySvbRUtktkYwQn5bCbZP6YHZ~DAOQnW~fbr45-51ybNbemMdpLKfW-e9NYmDaMQdK5Hi4DE8B9yilJQWxZDaGzDxbD9H~moLu7BUNvAWvVudleQa~gOAPt9kuTJ4XosA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lan-Pham-3/publication/324486854_A_Review_of_...

 The discipline of education and what there is to know - interpretive based on situated experiences, differentiation and reflective practices. Community of practice and teacher education and development is said to be socially constructed. There is no one reality but multiple interpretations, situations and applications depending on context. The discipline of digital accessibility sits within the IT discipline which has its roots in a more positivist domain and the guidance surrounding digital accessibility relates to the web and is defined as a checklist known as the web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG). Testing of products and coding is primarily scientific or formulaic. The area of disability is said to be socially l constructed in that disability is not a singular thing it is made up of people’s experience of their own disability and no two people with the same condition experience it the same, the lived experience and others understanding of it is subjective and therefor...

How can we support (the next generation of) school teachers to deliver lessons in the basic principles of digital accessibility awareness to our next generation of learners? Objectives: Planned: Choose and plan teaching activities to be able to deliver the basic principles of digital accessibility awareness in schools.  (What activities can be developed to deliver the basic principles of digital accessibility awareness) Enacted: Pilot a series of lesson activities x 3?  (What lessons can be learned through piloting teaching and learning activities in digital accessibility awareness) Experienced: Make recommendations based on experience for a supporting toolkit for teachers to be able to deliver digital accessibility awareness education in school  (Based on experience what recommendations can be made for a supporting teachers toolkit to help deliver digital accessibility awareness education) Action research/ pragmatism- mixed methods - what are the benefits and what is the...

 Sowing the seeds of digital accessibility awareness Logo and web address on one side / QR code Think Digital | Think Everyone - list items in two bullet point columns  Think it, learn it, teach it. Create each page like a lesson - why video/ how video Social model - society and environments can create barriers Microsoft infographic model - what it means, add some examples e.g captions  Talking avatar Teams

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  https://www.itic.org/policy/accessibility/vpat-training https://equalentry.com/reading-vpat-voluntary-product-accessibility-template/

Technical checklist verses people.  Web accessibility and fixes versus inclusive design. Medical model and return on investment verses social model and not being expensive. Wentz, Jaeger and Lazar (2011) Wentz, B., Jaeger, P.T. and Lazar, J. (2011) Retrofitting accessibility: The legal inequality of after-the-fact online access for persons with disabilities in the United States. First Monday. Compared to a project planned with universal access in mind, retrofitting websites often adds extreme challenges, is time consuming and adds significant expense (Slatin, 2001; Ossmann, et al, 2008; Wentz, Jaeger and Lazar, 2011) Wentz, Jaeger and Lazar (2011) offer an example of retrofitting costs, they describe a simple Tic–Tac–Toe computer game for accessibility that resulted in the lines of code growing from 192 to 1,412 when it didn't need to.  ADD EXTRA REFERENCES FOR THE ABOVE CITATIONS. Carlsson, G., Jonsson, O., Olander, S., Salén, M., Månsson Lexell, E. and Slaug, B. (2023) Explo...